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491.
Detection of Phytophthora fragariae Hickman in roots of strawberry cultivar ‘Tenira’ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Phytophthora fragariae Hickman is detected by ELISA in roots of strawberry cv. ‘Tenira’. Because of the high sensitivity of ELISA presence on fungal antigen was demonstrated before symptoms are detected in microscopical investigations. 相似文献
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493.
Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important gram-negative opportunistic pathogen causing primarily urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and bacteraemia. The ability of bacteria to form biofilms on medical devices, e.g. catheters, has a major role in development of many nosocomial infections. Most clinical K. pneumoniae isolates express two types of fimbrial adhesins, type 1 fimbriae and type 3 fimbriae. In this study, we characterized the role of type 1 and type 3 fimbriae in K. pneumoniae biofilm formation. 相似文献494.
Feline W Lindhout Sybren Portegies Robbelien Kooistra Lotte J Herstel Riccardo Stucchi Jessica J A Hummel Nicky Scheefhals Eugene A Katrukha Maarten Altelaar Harold D MacGillavry Corette J Wierenga Casper C Hoogenraad 《The EMBO journal》2021,40(10)
Axon formation critically relies on local microtubule remodeling and marks the first step in establishing neuronal polarity. However, the function of the microtubule‐organizing centrosomes during the onset of axon formation is still under debate. Here, we demonstrate that centrosomes play an essential role in controlling axon formation in human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neurons. Depleting centrioles, the core components of centrosomes, in unpolarized human neuronal stem cells results in various axon developmental defects at later stages, including immature action potential firing, mislocalization of axonal microtubule‐associated Trim46 proteins, suppressed expression of growth cone proteins, and affected growth cone morphologies. Live‐cell imaging of microtubules reveals that centriole loss impairs axonal microtubule reorganization toward the unique parallel plus‐end out microtubule bundles during early development. We propose that centrosomes mediate microtubule remodeling during early axon development in human iPSC‐derived neurons, thereby laying the foundation for further axon development and function. 相似文献
495.
Ruchira Chatterjee Louise Lassalle Sheraz Gul Franklin D. Fuller Iris D. Young Mohamed Ibrahim Casper de Lichtenberg Mun Hon Cheah Athina Zouni Johannes Messinger Vittal K. Yachandra Jan Kern Junko Yano 《Physiologia plantarum》2019,166(1):60-72
In nature, an oxo‐bridged Mn4CaO5 cluster embedded in photosystem II (PSII), a membrane‐bound multi‐subunit pigment protein complex, catalyzes the water oxidation reaction that is driven by light‐induced charge separations in the reaction center of PSII. The Mn4CaO5 cluster accumulates four oxidizing equivalents to enable the four‐electron four‐proton catalysis of two water molecules to one dioxygen molecule and cycles through five intermediate S‐states, S0 – S4 in the Kok cycle. One important question related to the catalytic mechanism of the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) that remains is, whether structural isomers are present in some of the intermediate S‐states and if such equilibria are essential for the mechanism of the O‐O bond formation. Here we compare results from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) obtained at cryogenic temperatures for the S2 state of PSII with structural data collected of the S1, S2 and S3 states by serial crystallography at neutral pH (~6.5) using an X‐ray free electron laser at room temperature. While the cryogenic data show the presence of at least two structural forms of the S2 state, the room temperature crystallography data can be well‐described by just one S2 structure. We discuss the deviating results and outline experimental strategies for clarifying this mechanistically important question. 相似文献